🛰️ Amateur Radio Satellites

Ham radio satellites are spacecraft with radio repeaters or transponders that amateur radio operators can use. Some retransmit your signal (like a repeater in space), others have linear transponders for SSB/CW.

• FM satellites (easiest) - Any dual-band HT (like Baofeng) + better antenna
• Linear transponders - All-mode radio (SSB/CW) + directional antenna
• Antenna - Arrow antenna or Elk log periodic are popular portable options

A pass is when a satellite is above your horizon and you can potentially work it.

• AOS = Acquisition of Signal (satellite rises)
• LOS = Loss of Signal (satellite sets)
• Max elevation = Highest point in the sky (higher = better)

Satellites move fast (~17,000 mph), so the frequency shifts as they approach and recede.

• Approaching = Frequency is higher than listed
• Receding = Frequency is lower than listed

You need to adjust your frequency during the pass. Apps like "SatDump" can help.

• FM (like SO-50) - One QSO at a time, first come first served. Easy but crowded!
• Linear (like RS-44) - Multiple QSOs simultaneously on different frequencies. SSB/CW only.

Start with FM satellites to learn, then move to linear for more activity.

• Antenna - The rubber duck won't work! Need a gain antenna pointed at the sat
• Doppler - You may be on the wrong frequency; try tuning around
• Low pass - Passes under 20° elevation are tough; wait for a higher pass
• Satellite off - Some sats have schedules or are in eclipse

• ISS - Loud and easy, but not always active
• SO-50 - Reliable FM satellite, needs 67 Hz tone to activate
• TEVEL satellites - FM transponders, good beginner targets
• RS-44 - Good linear transponder for SSB

• Arrow II (~$80) - Popular dual-band yagi, handheld
• Elk 2M/440L5 (~$120) - Log periodic, works well
• DIY tape measure yagi - Free! Plenty of plans online

Pro tip: You need to physically track the satellite across the sky with your antenna!